Understand essential information security principles. Explore AES encryption, SHA hashing, JWT validation, OAuth 2.0 flows, multi-factor authentication, and defenses against injection and XSS.
Learn how encryption protects digital data: symmetric (AES) vs asymmetric (RSA/ECC) encryption, public and private keys, and real-world encryption standards.
Understand cryptographic hashing: one-way functions, deterministic outputs, collision resistance, SHA-256, bcrypt for passwords, and how it differs from encryption.
Learn what Base64 encoding is, how binary data converts into 64 ASCII characters, padding rules (=), data URLs, and why Base64 provides zero security.
Learn the principles of digital authentication: Authentication (AuthN) vs Authorization (AuthZ), stateful session cookies vs stateless JWT tokens, and OAuth.
Understand Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): authentication factors (knowledge, possession, inherence), TOTP authenticator apps, and hardware security keys.